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As a technology that makes power transfer more flexible, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has become a hot research topic in recent years. However, most of the existing studies are based on a DC–DC WPT system. If applied to AC loads, the traditional system usually contains multiple energy conversion stages, which lead to a low transmission...
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... on the AC impedance analysis method, the impedance and frequency characteristics of the WPT system can be explored, and the system can be analyzed from the perspective of the frequency domain. Assuming that all of the switching devices are ideal switches and the filter circuit is an ideal filter, and the energy enters the load without a loss as shown in Figure 7, the impedance model of the LCC-S EM-WPT system can be easily obtained. ...
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... on the AC impedance analysis method, the impedance and frequency characteristics of the WPT system can be explored, and the system can be analyzed from the perspective of the frequency domain. Assuming that all of the switching devices are ideal switches and the filter circuit is an ideal filter, and the energy enters the load without a loss as shown in Figure 7, the impedance model of the LCC-S EM-WPT system can be easily obtained. As is shown in Figure 7, Vi is the excitation voltage of the primary resonance compensation tank; Ip, Is is the current of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively; Iin is the network input current, ICP1 is the current of the compensation capacitor CP1; ω is the system operating angular frequency. ...
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... that all of the switching devices are ideal switches and the filter circuit is an ideal filter, and the energy enters the load without a loss as shown in Figure 7, the impedance model of the LCC-S EM-WPT system can be easily obtained. As is shown in Figure 7, Vi is the excitation voltage of the primary resonance compensation tank; Ip, Is is the current of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively; Iin is the network input current, ICP1 is the current of the compensation capacitor CP1; ω is the system operating angular frequency. According to Figure 7, the KVL equations of the primary and secondary circuits of the LCC-S WPT system can be obtained as ...
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... is shown in Figure 7, Vi is the excitation voltage of the primary resonance compensation tank; Ip, Is is the current of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively; Iin is the network input current, ICP1 is the current of the compensation capacitor CP1; ω is the system operating angular frequency. According to Figure 7, the KVL equations of the primary and secondary circuits of the LCC-S WPT system can be obtained as ...
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... input impedance Zin of primary side and input impedance ZS of the secondary side are respectively given in the following Equation: Figure 7. LCC-S WPT system impedance model. ...
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... input impedance Zin of primary side and input impedance ZS of the secondary side are respectively given in the following Equation: Figure 7. LCC-S WPT system impedance model. As is shown in Figure 7, V i is the excitation voltage of the primary resonance compensation tank; I p , I s is the current of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively; I in is the network input current, I CP1 is the current of the compensation capacitor C P1 ; ω is the system operating angular frequency. According to Figure 7, the KVL equations of the primary and secondary circuits of the LCC-S WPT system can be obtained as ...
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... is shown in Figure 7, V i is the excitation voltage of the primary resonance compensation tank; I p , I s is the current of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively; I in is the network input current, I CP1 is the current of the compensation capacitor C P1 ; ω is the system operating angular frequency. According to Figure 7, the KVL equations of the primary and secondary circuits of the LCC-S WPT system can be obtained as ...
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Citations
... IWPT, inductive wireless power transfer coefficients and operates approximately as a current source [11]. On the other hand, the LCC-S compensation, which is receiving relevant attention lately, achieves better results at higher coupling coefficients and operates approximately as a voltage source [12]. Each topology exploits the resonance phenomenon: inductances and capacitors are tuned to resonate at a particular frequency, minimizing the reactive power and maximizing the active power transmission [13]. ...
This paper introduces a novel approach for designing a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system with LCC‐S compensation. Since WPT systems operate under resonant conditions, even small deviations of the components from the nominal values can result in a significant reduction of the power transferred to the load, and in an increment of the circulating currents, reducing the system efficiency. The design techniques available today in the literature provide a unique combination of passive components capable of transferring a certain power to the load. This is a limitation, because, in practice, there are several combinations that allow reaching the desired output power, but they are usually neglected because they are extremely difficult to compute analytically. For this reason, in this paper, the authors present an innovative design procedure that enables, through a Genetic Algorithm, the identification of multiple feasible combinations of the LCC‐S components capable of achieving the desired output power. Moreover, the authors evaluate the effects of the component tolerances on the output power to determine which combinations are more robust to component variations. This task is performed by calculating the probability that a particular combination yields the desired output power, once the tolerances have been considered, following a Monte Carlo approach. This information is utilized to decide whether it is possible to reduce the component quality (worsening the tolerance) without affecting the performance. Finally, an optimal solution granting both low‐cost and robustness against component tolerances can be individuated. The proposed design procedure is applied to a case study and validated experimentally.
... Feed-forward control considering the rapidly decreasing EDLC output voltage has been proposed [34], and although it has maintained constant voltage for longer than before, several load conditions have not been considered. There is a system with LCC applied [35,36], but it is a small-scale study. In this paper, a large-capacity experiment with LCC is conducted. ...
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... A compensation network is used on both the GA and VA coils to achieve the resonance condition in order to improve the electrical performance. On the receiving side, the VA coil is connected to the compensation network and to a rectifier, which transforms the high-frequency voltage into direct voltage used to recharge the battery [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. For the analysis of the magnetic coupling and system performances, an equivalent simplified circuit can be adopted, as shown in Figure 2. The GA electronic unit is modeled as a sinusoidal voltage source Vs in series with the resistance RS and the load is modeled with the resistance RL. ...
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... Some authors support their conclusions using finite element analysis as reported, for example, in [21]. The literature reports numerous works [22,23] dealing with the same issue, but the emphasis is on WPT systems' driving and regulation [24][25][26][27]. ...
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... Comparison of hybrid topologies[128,131,149,163,168,175,176,180,181]. ...
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... Where MU1P-PP, MU2P-PP, MU3P-PP ar the mutual inductance between the primary pad and the three U pads, respectively; MU1 SP, MU2P-SP, MU3P-SP are the mutual inductance between the secondary pad and the three U pads, respectively; MPP-SP represents the mutual inductance between the primary pad and secondary pad, R and Req are the load and equivalent load, respectively; CO represent the filter capacitor, V1, V2, V3, and VO1, VO2, VO3 are the input voltages and load outpu voltages under the three U pads U1P, U2P, U3P work, respectively. The fundamental wave analysis method is used for mathematical modeling of th system [20,21], and the corresponding circuit resonance conditions are as follows: The fundamental wave analysis method is used for mathematical modeling of the system [20,21], and the corresponding circuit resonance conditions are as follows: ...
An important area of research in electric vehicle wireless power transfer systems is the detection of the secondary pad, which is vital evidence to determine whether the vehicle is in the effective charging area. However, the detection based on sensors mostly will reconstruct the vehicle structure and has a limit on versatility in all kinds of vehicles and the applicability of magnetic couplers and the influence on the primary pad. Therefore, an auxiliary pad structure and corresponding positioning method for offset estimation utilizing the existing inverter and secondary pad in the vehicle system are proposed. Firstly, to satisfy the needs of different positioning heights and avoid the effect on the primary pad, a triple-U positioning auxiliary pad is designed to assist positioning. Secondly, the direction-guided trajectory and detection algorithm are proposed to modify the vehicle location in real-time after analyzing the corresponding equivalent mutual inductance feature trajectory, according to the magnetic field characteristics of various typical magnetic couplers intervened by the proposed triple-U auxiliary pad. Finally, a prototype system is built to validate the applicability and feasibility of the triple-U auxiliary pad, where the positioning accuracy is within 10 mm, and the maximum recognizable recognition range can reach 300 mm × 300 mm, and the direction-guided trajectory is accurate, which can satisfy the actual positioning requirements of electric vehicles.
... Numerous compensation networks, i.e., series-series (SS) [7,8], series-parallel [9], double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) [10], and inductor-capacitor-capacitor/ series (LCC/S) [11,12], have been studied to compensate for the loosely coupled coils. The magnetic coupling coefficient varies significantly for different positions between the transmitter coil and receiver coil. ...
... The resonant capacitors CF, C1, and C2 can be obtained by substituting (12) into the resonant conditions in (3). ...
Conventional inductive power transfer (IPT) employs primary control via phase shift, frequency tuning, or voltage tuning, whereas closed-loop control requires real-time wireless feedback communication. However, the long propagation delay results in small bandwidth. In this paper, a three-level (TL) rectifier is studied to implement secondary control and wide output voltage regulation in an inductor–capacitor–capacitor/series (LCC/S)-compensated IPT system over various magnetic couplings. The periodical operation behavior is analyzed, and a generic analytical expression of the system voltage gain including the TL rectifier is derived based on the Fourier series. A control strategy of an optimal control trajectory is proposed to maximize the power factor in the TL rectifier. The control variables are the duty cycles of the zero-level and one-level voltage in the TL rectifier. Either one remains at zero, while another one is utilized to modulate the output voltage in the proposed control strategy. A 2 kW prototype is designed and built to validate the theoretic analysis. The wide output voltage range between 100 V and 200 V under different magnetic coupling coefficients (0.16 and 0.23), a peak efficiency of 95.8% at 100 V and misaligned position, as well as a faster response of 1.3 ms are experimentally validated.
